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SYNTAX seminár 2.hod. (Brychová) (syntax_19.2.2008.doc)
SYNTAX SEMINÁR 19.2.2008
THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF THE SENTENCE
SUBJECT-VERB-OBJECT
SUBJECT
- NUMERAL - The first is the best
- NOUN - The dog is eating
these might be used as a subject in a sentence
- PRONOUN - She is nice
- INFINITIVE - To live in a city is exciting / To succeed is not easy
- NOUN PHRASE - The big boy is staying here
- GERUND - Swimming is my favourite sport
- OTHER WORDS - “A” is a vowel
- A GROUP OF WORDS - Some of them promised to help
A large number of children
- simple subject = subject expressed by one word
Peter is here
- complete subject = modified by other words (adjective, numeral)
The blue has is rather expensive
- compound subject = more linked words of the same type
Jane and Lucas study Spanish
- personal subject = persons expressed by names
Jana has already bought this book.
= personal pronoun
She is in a good mood
= names of things
Sun is rising
Patience is a good quality
- formal subject = denote time, distance, weather
(anticipatory it, introducing it, preparatory it)
It will be niece weather tomorrow
- impersonal subject
It’s ten past two.
It was rather cold
It’s a pity that he couldn’t come
it´s - formal subject + verb
pity - complement
he - real subject
- real subject = expressed by clause (vedľajšia veta) = noun clause
It´s obvious that she wanted you to buy it.
she wanted you to buy it - real subject
It’s a mystery how he found it out.
It´s - verb
mystery - subject complement
how he found it out - real subject
- formal subject = describing position of person, thing, are not exactly modified
(use of indefinite pronouns some, any, a, an)
(use of the introductory particle there)
There is a book on the desk.
there - formal subject
is - verb
book - real subject
desk - adverb complement
There are some children in the garden.
There were many apples on the tree.
There was no money in the purse.
there - formal subject
was - verb
no money - real subject
Inversion of the verb and the subject
WHO - front position subject
- interrogative pronoun
Who is there?
Who is writing?
Who was there?
Give it to me!
give = verb
it = object direct
to me = object indirect
SUBJECT IS NOT EXPRESSED
Come here!
come - verb
here - adverb complement
(You) Show me the photographs!
show - verb
me - object indirect
the photographs - object direct
You give it to me! - stress, emphasize, some orders
PREDICATE
- prísudok
- gives information about the subject
- simple unextended predicate = only 1 word / 1 verb
= intransitive verbs - neprechodné (have Oid)
Fish swim.
Birds fly.
We work.
- simple extended predicate = take the object direct
= transitive verbs (S-V-Od)
Jane cooks dinner.
She posted the letter.
We study English.
The dog jumped at the thief.
the dog - subject
jumped - verb
at the thief - object prepositional
The dog jumped at the thief.
the dog - subject
jumped at - prepositional verb
the thief - object direct
Mrs. Brow gave her son a guitar.
Mrs.Brown - subject
gave her son a guitar - predicate
give - verb (ditransitive)
her son - object indirect
a guitar - object direct
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Prednášky sú zverejnené v súlade s ustanovením § 33 ods. 1 písm. c) zákona č. 618/2003 v znení neskorších prepisov a teda výhradne na informačné účely. Prosíme Vás aby ste všetky porušenia autorských práv bezodkladne ohlásili administrátorovi. Podmienky používania
