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SYNTAX prednáška 3.hod. (Lojová) (syntax_prednaska26.2.08.doc)

SYNTAX PREDNÁŠKA                26.2.2008

 

 

WORD ORDER - VARIATION OF CLAUSE TYPES

 

 

INVERSION  (the change of Subject and Verb)

   

  1. questions
  2. so, neither, no

 

So am I.

Neither am I.

 

  1. negative element fronted

 

Never have I seen him. it’s about emphasizing

Never did I go there.

 

  1. conditional

 

Had I been there.

Should you find him, let me know.

Were you to find him, he would come (keby náhodou)

 

 

FRONTING

 

  1. emphasis (contextually)

 

        I don´t like this book This book I don´t like any close element we want to  

                                                                                 emphasize we can put in front

 

  1. Subject - Verb inversion / SVC, SVA

 

She became an excellent student An excellent student she become.

Here is the book   Here the book is.

 

 

        this is very frequent

 

  1. Passive

 

The window was broken.

 

 

EXISTENTIONAL “THERE”

 

        There are many students in the class.

EXTRA POSITION - anticipatory “IT”/ dummy “IT” & postponed “S”

 

 

        It’s raining - dummy IT

 

        It is difficult to complete the exercise

 

        It is difficult to work with you

THE RULE - personal is preffered

You are difficult to work with

To work with you is difficult

 

 

PASSIVE

 

        He was given a book

 

 

 

ELLIPSES (dropping, omitting - zamlčaný podmet)

 

        Sorry.

        Thank you.

 

 

 

CLOVTING (rozťať, rozštiepiť vetu)

 

 

        I like Marry Brown Who I like is Marry Brown

 

 

 

 

it is about emphasis

 

        Marry missed the class It was Marry who missed the class

                                        Who missed the class was Marry

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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