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SYNTAX - prednáška 1.hod. (Lojová) (1)_syntax_12.2.2008.doc)

SYNTAX PREDNÁŠKA                12.2.2008

 

 

 

CLASSIFICATION OF SENTENCES

 

 

WHAT IS A SENTENCE - Quirk 204, Rafajlovičová kap.3

 

 

BY STRUCTURE

 

  1. simple sentence - jednoduchá veta
  2. multiple sentence - súvetie

 

  1. compound - priraďovacie
  2. complex - podraďovacie

 more than 2 clauses in a sentence

  1. complex-compound

c

b

a

  1. compound-complex

 

 

 

 

               complex-compound sentence

 

 

 

BY FUNCTION

 

- each form might have different functions

 

FUNCTIONS used for:

FORM:

 

                                

 

1.) declarative (oznamovacia)        -        for statements

 

2.) interrogative (opytovacia)        -        for questions

 

3.) imperative (rozkazovacia)        -        for directives

 

4.) exclamative (zvolacia)                -        for exclamations

 

5.) irregular sentences                 -        have more functions

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SPEECH ACTS

 

  1. locutionary acts (force) = lexical meaning, the fact
  2. illocutionary acts = what I mean, my intention, it is about the speaker
  3. perelocutionary acts = how it is received, it is about the receiver

 

pragmatic meaning - communicative purpose - effect

language functions (illocutionary)

 

 

 

SYNTACTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF CLAUSE ELEMENTS

 

  1. syntactic features of subject, verb, object, ….
  2. NAŠTUDOVAŤ - Quirk 2007

 

 

 

ADVERBIALS

 

príslovkové určenie

 

FEATURES:

 

  1. it is always and AdvP, PP, Clause or NP

 

  1. it is independent of a VP

 

  1. they are optional - apart from SVA, SVOA - we can add as many we want

 

  1. they might have a mobile position - initial, middle or end position

for example “yesterday” - can be in the beginning or at the end of a sentence

 

  1. we might have various numbers of them in 1 sentence

 

  1. many semantic meanings - Adjuncts

 

  1. time - location, duration, frequency
  2. place - position, direction
  3. manner
  4. reason
  5. purpose
  6. result
  7. condition, concession

 

 

GRAMMATICAL FUNCTIONS OF ADVERBIALS:

 

                                        disjuncts

 

                                             

            conjuncts        sentence       adjuncts

                                             

                                       

                                        subjuncts

 

 

 

CVIČENIA K DNEŠNEJ PREDNÁŠKE:

    Chalker: 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98

    Closea: 103

 

 

 

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