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SYNTAX - prednáška 2.hod. (Lojová) (syntax_prednaska19.doc)

SYNTAX PREDNÁŠKA        19.2.2008

 

 

ADJUNCTS - príslovkové určenie

 

 

CONJUNCTS         - are in the beginning of the sentence

        - they are adverbials that connect

        - linkers, discourse workers

        - to connect the sentence

        - however, nevertheless

 

 

SUBJUNCTS        - less important

        - we can drop them

        - we can delete them

        - yet, already, ever, never, still

 

 

DISJUNCTS        - more important that the whole sentence

        - my own opinion (my comment)

        - as far as I know, in my opinion, as for me, from my point of view,

          in my own knowledge

 

 

 

SEMANTIC ROLES OF CLAUSE ELEMENTS

 

  1. agentive position  (Subject) - actively involved

 

  1. affected position (Object direct) - affected by activity

 

  1. recipient position (Object indirect) - passively   (I gave him a book)

 

  1. attribute position (Complements) - giving, description
  1. identification (She is a student)
  2. qualification (She is beautiful)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CLAUSE TYPES

NAŠTUDOVAŤ Z QUIRKA

 

 

word order S-V-O is fixed because there are no infections, no suffixes

    (Peter killed Paul or Paul killed Peter - it is important)

 

 

  1. SV (intransitive) - She is crying

obligatory

clause

elements

  1. SVO (monotransitive) - I saw him
  2. SVCs (copular, linking verb) - She is tall
  3. SVOiOd (ditransitive) - I gave him a book
  4. SVOdCo (complex transitive) - I find English grammar easy
  5. SVA (copular verb) - He was there
  6. SVOA (complex transitive) - I put it on the table

 

optional

clause

elements

 

 

 

ADVERBIALS

 

 

 

 

He was flying a plane = pilotoval (mono transitive)

 

 

He was flying a plane

 

He was flying = lietal (intrasitive)

 

 

 

 

 

TO GET - may pass to all the 7 examples

 

        SV                -        She´s getting up

        SVO                 -        I got it

        SVCs                -        I got tired

        SVOiOd        -        I got him a present

        SVOdCo

        SVA

        SVOA

        

 

identify the clause type --- active sentence

 

The building was reconstructed They reconstructed the building yesterday (SVO)

we have to make intransitive sentence ! ! !

 

 

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