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SYNTAX - prednáška 6.hod. (Lojová) (6)_syntax_18.3.2008.doc)

SYNTAX PREDNÁŠKA                18.3.2008

 

CONDITIONAL CLAUSES

 

0, 1st, 2nd, 3rd conditional

 

Mixed conditionals - very common

past

 

                                

present

 

past

future

         

 

 

If you had bought a ticket, you could go tomorrow. second conditional about present and future

 

 

future

past

 

 

 

 

3rd conditional

might

should

If I had known it, I could explain it. second conditional about present and future

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Happen to = inversion

 

   “keby náhodou” - If you happen to find my bag, let me know.

 

 

 

 

 

1st conditional

 

 

 

        If I find your bag, I’ll give it to you

        If I happen to find your bag, I’ll give it to you.

        If I should find your bag, I’ll give it to you.

        Should I find your bag, I’ll give it to you. very frequent in formal letters

 

 

 

 

2nd conditional

 

 

 

 

        If I found your bag, I would give it to you.

        If I happened to find your bag, I would give it to you.

        If I were to find your bag, I would give it to you.

        Were I to find your bag, I would give it to you.

 

 

 

 

3rd conditional

 

 

 

 

        If I had found your bag, I would have told you.

        Had I found your bag, I would have told you.

 

will, would - in conditional clauses

 

    WILL - in 1st conditional

    WOULD - in 2nd conditional

 

 

special meanings

 

  1. willingness (volition / refuse) - unstressed, contracted

 

If you’ll do the room, I’ll wash up  

 

 

ak si ochotný mi pomôcť

 

 

  1. insistence - stressed, not contracted

 

If you will smoke, you will die.

 

 

  1. more polite, formal

 

If you would help me, we could succeed.

 

 

  1. present predictability of the statement in the “if” sentence

 

If the party will end before midnight, it’s time to start enjoying ourselves more.

 

 

OTHER INDICATORS OF CONDITIONING

 

  1. as / so long as…
  2. provided / -ing …
  3. suppose / -ing…
  4. in case
  5. if only
  6. unless (negative meaning)

 

 

CONDITIONAL MEANING EXPRESSED DIFFERENTLY  

 

  1. otherwise
  2. and
  3. or

 

 

forma “NEBYŤ TEBA”

 

    If it hadn´t been for John, we would have died.

    But for John, we would have died.

 

    But for you = nebyť teba

 

 

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